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My VMware ESXi installation checklistLast updated $Date: 2009-03-28 19:32:01 $
Martti Kupar inen <martti.kuparinen@iki .fi>http://www.iki.fi/kuparine/comp/vmware/esxichecklist.htmlAbstract
This is how I installed and configured all VMware ESXi hosts.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Network layout
Installing VMware ESXi
Configuring VMware ESXi
Installing RCLI
Installing VMware ESXi updates
Backing up VMware ESXi configuration
Backing up virtual machines
Converting existing virtual machines to ESXi
Miscellaneous
References
IntroductionVMware, Inc. has a bare-metal hypervisor for AMD and Intel x86 CPUs called ESXi which is now available for free of charge. This document described how I installed and configured all our VMware ESXi hosts. Before trying to install ESXi on your host, make sure your hardware is compatible with ESXi (see also this list).
Network layout
The following picture gives an overview of our VMware ESXi setup.
Network overview
* Each ESXi host has two or three NICs: management and guest NICs and optionally also a separate (10 GbE) storage NIC.
* The iSCSI target has two or more NICs: one management NIC and one or more storage NICs. In a simple case all ESXi hosts share the same storage network.
* One or more management hosts located on the production network running Microsoft Windows. These can be virtual hosts running inside VMware Player. These hosts must be properly secured with local firewall and antivirus software.
* The management network is separated from the production network with a router. The router between those two networks:
o Has a firewall which restricts traffic to/from the management network. Access to the management network is allowed only from few management desktops located on the production network. Access from management network to to the production network (or internet) is denied.
o Has an NTP server used by all VMware ESXi hosts to make sure all hosts have correct time.
o Has a syslog daemon to enable centralized log management for all VMware ESXi hosts.
Installing VMware ESXi
First modify/check your BIOS settings:
* Enable all NICs without PXE.
* Enable VT if you want to have 64-bit guests.
* Disable Demand Based Power Management.
Next add a third NIC (1 GbE or 10 GbE) for the storage network (only if iSCSI or NFS is used).
Next fetch the latest VMware ESXi from
www.vmware.com and burn it on a CD disk. Boot from the CD and install it. Do not connect any ethernet cables before the initial configuration is done.
If you just want to test ESXi first before installing it on real hardware, you can install VMware ESXi on a USB memory stick. The only restriction with that setup is that you must have external storage (iSCSI or NFS) for virtual machines, all the configuration tasks presented here are same as when you install ESXi on HDD.
Configuring VMware ESXi
Some basic things are configured on the Direct Console User Interface (DCUI) while most of the configuration is done with the VMware Infrastructure Client from your Microsoft Windows PC. This PC needs either be on the management network or have access to it via some router. Our administrators are normally using Ubuntu PCs so we have a Windows XP running inside VMware Player, in other words, this management host can be a virtual machine instead of a normal PC.
Configuring with DCUI
Setting the root password
Select Configure Root Password from the main menu and set the root password.
Configuring IP address for the management interface
Now connect ethernet cable to the management NIC. Next select Configure Management Network from the main menu. Select Network Adapters and select the only adapter which has a connection. Next select IP Configuration, select Set static IP address and network configuration and set the address, netmask and gateway. Next select DNS Configuration and define you DNS server's IP address(es). Next select Custom DNS Suffixes and add your local network name. Next select Restart Management Network from the main menu. Finally connect ethernet cable to the remaining interfaces.
Configuring SSH
Activate SSH on the ESXi by following the following instructions. Please note that you must properly secure the management network as this opens an additional way to access the ESXi host. Consider also allowing SSH only for non-root users in order to increase security.
Configuring with VMware Infrastructure Client
Configuring network interfaces and virtual switches
Virtual network configuration
Configuring virtual switch for guests
Configuration > Networking > Add Networking > Virtual Machine > Create a virtual switch
Network Label = Production
VLAN ID = Empty
Configuration > Networking > vSwitch0 > Properties > VM Network > Remove
Configuration > Networking > vSwitch0 > Properties > Ports > vSwitch > Edit > Number of Ports = 248
Configuring virtual switch for storage devices
Configuration > Networking > Add Networking > VMkernel > Create a virtual switch
Network Label = Storage
VLAN ID = Empty
IP Address: xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx
Netmask: 255.255.255.xxx
Setting the license key
Configuration > Licensed Features > License Source > Edit > Use Serial Number
Configuring NTP
Configuration > Time Configuration > Properties > Options
NTP Settings > Add > esxgw.mycompany.com
General > Start automatically
Configuring remote logging
Configuration > Advanced Settings > Syslog > Remote
Syslog.Remote.Hostname = esxgw.mycompany.com
Syslog.Remote.Port = 514
Resource limits for SFCB
Configuration > System Resource Allocation > Advanced > host > vim > sfcb > Edit Settings > CPU Resources > Limit = 500 MHz
See also CPU spikes on a PowerEdge 850.
Configuring automatic VM start and stop
Configuration > Virtual Machine Startup/Shutdown > Properties > Allow virtual machines to start and stop automatically with the system
Configuring users and permissions
TBD
Configuring storage network - iSCSI
Configuration > Storage Adapters > iSCSI Software Adapter > Properties
General > Configure > Enabled
Dynamic Discovery > Add > iSCSI Server = xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx
Configuring storage network - NFS
Configuration > Storage > Network File System
Server = xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx
Folder = /some/path
Datastore Name = xxx
Installing real certificates
TBD:
http://www.vm-help.com/esx/esx3i/change_name_and_cert.phpscp server.key esx1:/host/ssl_key
scp server.pem esx1:/host/ssl_cert
Backing up the current configuration
TBD
vicfg-cfgbackup -s --server myesx --username root myesx.bak
http://support.dell.com/support/edocs/software/eslvmwre/EN/VES_3i/Solutions Guide/PDF/MSGPA03.pdf
Appendix E
Cloning existing configuration
TBD
/etc/vmware/esx.conf
TBD
TBD
Installing RCLI
Fetch RCLI from the VMware Infrastructure 3 Drivers & Tools page. Extract and install it on your Linux desktop.
tar xzf /home/www/vmware/VMware-RCLI-3.5.0-104314.i386.tar.gz -C /tmp
cd /tmp/vmware-rcli-distrib
sudo ./vmware-install.pl
Installing VMware ESXi updates
VMware ESXi, like any other host, needs maintenance from time to time. The VMware Update Manager is a simple Microsoft Windows application which makes it easy to push all the software updates available to your ESXi hosts. Another method is to use the vihostupdate utility from the RCLI package. See KB 1006089 and the vihostupdate(
manual page for details how to use this utility.
In addition to installing VMware Update Manager or RCLI, you should sign-up for security notifications at VMware Security Center.
Backing up VMware ESXi configuration
TBD
Backing up virtual machines
TBD
http://www.vmware.com/pdf/vi3_301_201_vm_backup.pdfConverting existing virtual machines to ESXi
TBD
http://www.vmware.com/download/vi/drivers_tools.htmlMiscellaneous
Mapping VMware Tools to virtual CD-ROM
TBD
cd /vmfs/volumes/datastore1
ln -s /usr/lib/vmware/isoimages/linux.iso
ln -s /usr/lib/vmware/isoimages/windows.iso
ln -s /usr/lib/vmware/isoimages/freebsd.iso
References
* VMware Communities: ESXi Forum
* VMware ESXi - Dell Solution Guide
* VMware ESX Server 3 Configuration Guide
* ESX Server 3i Installable Setup Guide
* ESX Server 3i Configuration Guide
* Basic System Administration
* iSCSI SAN Configuration Guide
